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<h3>

Eric S. Raymond pushed to branch master

at <a href="https://gitlab.com/NTPsec/ntpsec">NTPsec / ntpsec</a>

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<h4>

Commits:

</h4>

<ul>

<li>

<strong><a href="https://gitlab.com/NTPsec/ntpsec/commit/9ceadcd8af24fba5abe018df392e5d3919cdfa8d">9ceadcd8</a></strong>

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<span>by Eric S. Raymond</span>

<i>at 2016-09-28T16:25:48-04:00</i>

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<pre class="commit-message" style="margin: 0; white-space: pre-wrap">Now devel/tour.txt section on the system-clock interface...

...and why we can't get ride of KERNEL_PLL.

</pre>

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<h4>2 changed files:</h4>

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devel/TODO

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devel/tour.txt

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<h4>Changes:</h4>

<li id="diff-0">

<a href="https://gitlab.com/NTPsec/ntpsec/commit/9ceadcd8af24fba5abe018df392e5d3919cdfa8d#diff-0"><strong>devel/TODO</strong></a>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC10" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC11" class="line">* Land Daniel's redesign of the restriction language.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC12" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC13" class="line">* Can the KERNEL_PLL code be removed?  Hal thinks it may no longer</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC14" class="line">  have a point since processors are much faster and schedulers</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC15" class="line">  smoother than when it was built.  Might remove the need for</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC16" class="line">  adjtimex(2). We need to collect statistics on builds with and</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC17" class="line">  without the PLL to see if it's actually a win.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC18" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC13" class="line">=== Testing ===</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC14" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC15" class="line">* We need to live-test various refclocks.  It would be nice</span>

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<a href="https://gitlab.com/NTPsec/ntpsec/commit/9ceadcd8af24fba5abe018df392e5d3919cdfa8d#diff-1"><strong>devel/tour.txt</strong></a>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC153" class="line">dropped.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC154" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC155" class="line">The new organization stops pretending; it simply spins on a select</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC156" class="line">across all interfaces.  If inbound traffic is more than the daemon</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC157" class="line">can handle, packets will pile up in the UDP layer and be dropped at</span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC158" class="line">that level. The main difference is that dropped packets are no</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num old old_line" data-linenumber="159" style="background: #f9d7dc; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">

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<td class="diff-line-num new_line old" data-linenumber="156" style="background: #f9d7dc; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC159" class="line">longer visible in the statistics the server can gather.</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new old_line" data-linenumber="160" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="156" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC156" class="line">across all interfaces.  If inbound traffic is more than the daemon can</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new old_line" data-linenumber="160" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="157" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC157" class="line">handle, packets will pile up in the UDP layer and be dropped at that</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new old_line" data-linenumber="160" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="158" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC158" class="line">level. The main difference is that dropped packets are less likely to</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="159" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC159" class="line">be visible in the statistics the server can gather. (In order to show,</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new old_line" data-linenumber="160" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="160" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC160" class="line">they'd have to make it out of the system IP layer to userland at a</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="161" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC161" class="line">higher rate than ntpd can process; this is very unlikely.)</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num old_line" data-linenumber="160" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC162" class="line"></span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num old_line" data-linenumber="161" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<td class="diff-line-num new_line" data-linenumber="163" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC163" class="line">There was internal evidence in the NTP Classic build machinery that</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num old_line" data-linenumber="162" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<td class="diff-line-num new_line" data-linenumber="164" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC164" class="line">asynchronous I/O on Unix machines probably hadn't actually worked for</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num old_line" data-linenumber="163" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<td class="diff-line-num new_line" data-linenumber="165" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC165" class="line">quite a while before NTPsec removed it.</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num old_line" data-linenumber="164" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<td class="diff-line-num new_line" data-linenumber="166" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC166" class="line"></span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num old old_line" data-linenumber="165" style="background: #f9d7dc; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">

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<td class="diff-line-num new_line old" data-linenumber="167" style="background: #f9d7dc; border-right-color: #fac5cd; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#f9d7dc">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC165" class="line">=== Refclock management ===</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new old_line" data-linenumber="166" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="167" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC167" class="line">== System call interface and the PLL ==</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new old_line" data-linenumber="166" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="168" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC168" class="line"></span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new old_line" data-linenumber="166" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="169" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC169" class="line">All of ntpd's clock management is done through four system calls:</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new old_line" data-linenumber="166" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="170" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC170" class="line">clock_gettime(2), clock_settime(2), ntp_adjtime(2), and (on some</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="171" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC171" class="line">systems) adjtimex().  The settimeofday(2) call from older BSD</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="172" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC172" class="line">Unuxes (in POSIX but deprecated) is no longer used.</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="173" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC173" class="line"></span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="174" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC174" class="line">The roles of clock_gettime(2) and clock_settime(2) are simple.</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="175" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC175" class="line">They're used for reading and setting ("stepping", in NTP jargon) the</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="176" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC176" class="line">system clock.  Stepping is avoided whenever possible because it</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="177" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC177" class="line">introduces discontinuities that may confuse applications.  Stepping is</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="178" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC178" class="line">usually done only at ntpd startup (which is typically at boot time)</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="179" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC179" class="line">and only when the skew between system and NTP time is relatively</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC180" class="line">large.</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="181" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC181" class="line"></span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="182" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC182" class="line">The sync algorithm prefers slewing to stepping.  Slewing speeds up or</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="183" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC183" class="line">slows down the clock by a very small amount that will, after a</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="184" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC184" class="line">relatively short time, sync the clock to NTP time.  The advantage of</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="185" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC185" class="line">this method is that it doesn't introduce discontinuities that</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="186" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC186" class="line">applications might notice. The slewing variations in clock speed are so</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="187" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC187" class="line">small that they're generally invisible even to soft-realtime</span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC188" class="line">applications.</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="189" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC189" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC190" class="line">The calls ntp_adjtime(2) and adjtimex(2) are for clock slewing. Both</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC191" class="line">use a kernel interface to do this. Both use a control technique called</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="192" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC192" class="line">a PLL/FLL (phase-locked loop/frequency-locked loop) to do it. The</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="193" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC193" class="line">difference is that adjtimex(2) adjusts a PLL/FLL implemented in the</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="194" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC194" class="line">kernel, whereas ntp_adjtime(2) implements clock skewing for a PLL</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC195" class="line">running in userspace (in ntpd itself). The KERNEL_PLL code can produce</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC196" class="line">much faster convergence from a cold start.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC197" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC198" class="line">Deep-in-the weeds details about the kernel PLL from Hal Murray follow.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC199" class="line">If you can follow these you may be qualified to maintain this code...</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC200" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC201" class="line">Deep inside the kernel, there is code that updates the time by reading the</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC202" class="line">cycle counter, subtracting off the previous cycle count and multiplying by</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC203" class="line">the time/cycle.  The actual implementation is complicated mostly to maintain</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC204" class="line">accuracy.  You need ballpark of 9 digits of accuracy on the time/cycle and</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC205" class="line">that has to get carried through the calculations.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC206" class="line"></span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="207" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC207" class="line">On PCs, Linux measures the time/cycle at boot time by comparing with another</span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC208" class="line">clock with a known frequency.  If you are building for a specific hardware</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC209" class="line">platform, you could compile it in as a constant.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC210" class="line">You see things like this in syslog:</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC211" class="line"></span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC212" class="line">-----------------------------------------------------------</span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC213" class="line">tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 1993.548 MHz</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC214" class="line">-----------------------------------------------------------</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC215" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC216" class="line">You can grep for "MHz" to find these.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC217" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC218" class="line">(Side note.  1993 MHz is probably 2000 MHz rounded down slightly by</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC219" class="line">the clock fuzzing to smear the EMI over a broader band to comply with</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC220" class="line">FCC rules.  It rounds down to make sure the CPU isn't overclocked.)</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC221" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC222" class="line">There is an API call to adjust the time/cycle.  That adjustment is ntpd's</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC223" class="line">drift.  That covers manufacturing errors and temperature changes and such.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC224" class="line">The manufacturing error part is typically under 50 PPM.  I have a few systems</span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC225" class="line">off by over 100.  The temperature part varies by ballpark of 1 PPM / C.</span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC226" class="line"></span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC227" class="line">There is another error source which is errors in the calibration code and/or</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC228" class="line">time keeping code.  If your timekeeping code rounds down occasionally, you</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC229" class="line">can correct for that by tweaking the time/cycle.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC230" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC231" class="line">There is another API that says "slew the clock by X seconds".  That is</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC232" class="line">implemented by tweaking the time/cycle slightly, waiting until the correct</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC233" class="line">adjustment has happened, then restoring the correct time/cycle.  The "slight"</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC234" class="line">is 500 PPM.  It takes a long time to make major corrections.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC235" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC236" class="line">That slewing has nothing (directly) to do with a PLL.  It could be</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC237" class="line">implemented in user code with reduced accuracy.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC238" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC239" class="line">There is a PLL kernel option to track a PPS.  It's not compiled into most</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC240" class="line">Linux kernels.  (It doesn't work with tickless.)  There is an API to turn it</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC241" class="line">on.  Then ntpd basically sits off to the side and watches.</span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC242" class="line"></span>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC243" class="line">RFC 1589 covers the above timekeeping and slewing and kernel PLL.</span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC244" class="line"></span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC245" class="line">RFC 2783 covers the API for reading a time stamp the kernel grabs when a PPS</span>

</pre>

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC246" class="line">happens.</span>

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="247" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC247" class="line"></span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num new old_line" data-linenumber="166" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<td class="diff-line-num new new_line" data-linenumber="248" style="background: #ddfbe6; border-right-color: #c7f0d2; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#ddfbe6">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC248" class="line">== Refcl ock management ==</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num old_line" data-linenumber="166" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<td class="diff-line-num new_line" data-linenumber="249" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<td class="line_content noteable_line" style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em">

<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC249" class="line"></span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num old_line" data-linenumber="167" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC250" class="line">There is an illuminating comment in ntpd/ntp_refclock.c that begins</span>

</pre>

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<td class="diff-line-num old_line" data-linenumber="168" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

168

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<td class="diff-line-num new_line" data-linenumber="251" style="background: #fafafa; border-right-color: #f0f0f0; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; color: rgba(0,0,0,0.3); padding: 0 5px; text-align: right; width: 35px" align="right" bgcolor="#fafafa">

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<td class="line_content noteable_line" style="padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em">

<pre style="margin: 0"> <span id="LC251" class="line">"Reference clock support is provided here by maintaining the fiction</span>

</pre>

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